How to Properly Install a Generator

Generally, Diesel Generator (DG) sets are manufactured in the following configurations:

1. Open Type
2. Enclosed (Canopy) Type
3. Containerized Type

Open-type DG sets designed for installation inside containers are typically manufactured as stationary units (though in some cases, containerized units are mounted on trailers). Enclosed-type sets can be either stationary or mobile.

In the latter case, the units are mounted on a chassis (trailer). Open-type diesel power stations are available in virtually any power range (from 2-3 kW up to several MW) and in both single and three-phase configurations: 220V 50Hz (single-phase) and 380V, 6300V, 10500V 50Hz (three-phase). Cooling systems range from air-cooled (low power) to water-to-air and water-to-water cooling (medium and high power). These units are primarily installed in enclosed, heated buildings.

When constructing a separate building is not economically or technically feasible, or when allocating a compliant room within an existing building is impossible, Enclosed-type DG sets are used. Their core components are protected from external, atmospheric, and other impacts. Additionally, enclosed units emit significantly less noise during operation.

Enclosed DG sets are available in the following versions:

• Weather-protective (standard protection against atmospheric impact).
• Weather-protective with sound attenuation (Soundproof).
• Weather-protective with enhanced sound insulation (Super Silent).

All of these can be installed either under a shelter (recommended) or outdoors under the open sky.

Mobile DG sets are exclusively manufactured in the enclosed configuration. The trailer chassis is single-axle for low-power/lightweight units, and dual-axle for medium and high-power stations. For ease of operation, all trailers are equipped with a jockey wheel, a handbrake, and a parking brake.

A disadvantage of enclosed DG sets is their relatively compact size, which restricts access to the unit's mechanisms and components. This often makes it nearly impossible to perform repair works without removing the canopy/enclosure, which may be impermissible outdoors in certain conditions.

The Containerized Solution Installing the DG set in a container is considered the optimal solution. In this case, the unit is protected from both atmospheric and external mechanical impacts, emits less noise, and maintenance/repairs can be performed in a heated space with sufficient area and volume.

• Design Features: The container design includes internal heaters, easy access to nodes and mechanisms, and designated walkways and areas for tools and spare parts.
• Automatic Louvers: The container is equipped with motorized louvers that open automatically upon generator start-up and close upon shutdown. This significantly reduces the required heater capacity, which is crucial during low winter temperatures.

Containerized DG sets are available as:

• Weather-protective.
• Weather-protective with sound attenuation.

For cold climates, containers and housings are manufactured from special cold-resistant steel, which significantly increases (almost doubles) their cost.

Key Installation Recommendations

1. Open-Type DG Sets (Indoor Installation)

• Prohibitions: Installation in residential or public buildings, their annexes, or warehouses storing flammable/combustible products is not recommended.
• Safety & Access: The installation must meet safety standards and facilitate easy repair. Lifting equipment (hoist, telpher, crane) should be provided if necessary.
• Auxiliary Equipment: The room must house the main control panel, daily fuel and oil tanks, batteries, and distribution gear.
• Cable Trenches: Technological and cable channels must be covered with fire-resistant, removable plates (max weight 50 kg) and equipped with a drainage system.
• Grounding: The generator and all auxiliary/fuel equipment must have a reliable grounding (earthing) system.
• Clearance & Dimensions:
• • Front of unit to wall: 1 meter (up to 500 kW); 2 meters (above 500 kW).
  • Unit to wall (Service side): 1.5 meters.
  • Unit to wall (Non-service side): 1.5 meters.
  • Room height: Minimum 3.6 meters.
• Exhaust System: The silencer (muffler) should be mounted on the roof. The exhaust pipe must end with a 45° cut or a 90° bend facing away from the building. The pipe height relative to the roof must be at least 2 meters.
• Environment: The room requires natural or artificial lighting, intake and exhaust ventilation, and thermal insulation for exhaust pipes. The foundation must be constructed according to the manufacturer's standards.

2. Containerized DG Sets

• Foundation: The container must be placed on a concrete foundation with a height of 150 mm. The surface area is calculated based on the structure's weight and soil bearing capacity.
• Clearance: A minimum distance of 1.5 meters must be maintained from the container louvers to the nearest building or equipment.
• Fuel Safety: An emergency fuel drain pit with appropriate piping must be provided near the container.
• Grounding: The container and installed equipment must be reliably grounded.

3. Enclosed-Type DG Sets

• Indoor Installation: Follow the recommendations for Open-type units.

Sheltered Installation: Follow the recommendations for Containerized units.